Standard for Electric Signs UL 48

1.1 These requirements cover all electric signs, art forms and outline lighting for use in accordance with the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.
1.2 Electric signs include all signs (regardless of voltage) that are electrically operated and/or electrically illuminated, including but not limited to the following methods of illumination: incandescent, fluorescent, high intensity discharge (HID), electric discharge tubing including neon tubing, light-emitting diode (LED), skeleton neon tubing, cold-cathode lamps, and electroluminescence. Unless otherwise noted the term "sign" includes signs, outline lighting, art forms, and skeleton neon tubing.
1.3 Electric signs covered by these requirements also include, but are not limited to, awning signs, trailer-mounted signs, electrically or mechanically animated signs, signs supplied by photovoltaic systems and other independent power sources, changing message signs, including scrolling, flipper, tri-view, liquid crystal display (LCD), and light-emitting diode (LED) type and other electrically operated signs that are not necessarily illuminated.
1.4 These requirements do not cover the following:
a) Illuminated clocks operating at 600 V or less; refer to the Standard for Household Electric Clocks, UL 826 or for commercial use clocks to the Standard for Time-Indicating and -Recording Appliances, UL 863;
b) Exit signs; refer to the Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, UL 924;
c) The trailer of a trailer mounted sign;
d) Luminaires mounted to function as outline lighting; refer to the Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598;
e) Luminaires mounted within an Awning Sign; refer to Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598;
f) Signs that do not use electricity;
g) Luminaires intended for billboard illumination; refer to Standard for Luminaires, UL 1598;
h) Fiber optics or Fiber optic Illuminators;
i) Signs for use in hazardous (classified) locations as defined in the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.